When performing the bitcoin client from scratch, one of the most critical components is the discovery of colleagues on the network. In this article, we will deepen the way Bitcoin finds its peers and explore the complexities behind this process.
The Bitcoin Core Codebase
To understand how Bitcoin finds colleagues, we first take a look at the code base. The main Bitcoin code is open with a MIT license, which provides access to algorithms and underlying data structures. Here are some key components that allow the discovery of peers:
Networkmanager
`Networkmaningis is a fundamental component responsible for the management of connections between the nodes on the network. He is responsible for the creation and maintenance of connections with other nodes.
c
// Src/Daemon/Main.c (Riga 123)
void daemon_addnode (intarc, char *arv []) {
// …
Networkmanager (Network_manager, Null);
}
`
NetworkManager it creates a new connection to the network using CreateConnection ():
`c
// Src/Daemon/Main.c (line 143)
IT Creeteconnection (Const Char Hostname, Const Char Port) {
// …
return addper (hostname, port, null, null);
}
Int addper (Const Char hostname, int port, const char path, const void *data) {
Theaddper () function is called by the client to add a new node to the network. It takes the name Host, the door and the route and the optional data as topics.
Peerlist
Peerlist is a series of peers that are currently connected to the network:
`c
// Src/Daemon/Main.c (line 172)
Stuct peer_list {
Peer peer peers;
size_t npeers;
};
`
Theaddper () function is a newpeer 'structure and adds it to the' peerlist '.
Peermanager
Peermanageris is responsible for managing multiple connections. Provides methods to create, remove and manage colleagues:
c
// SRC/Daemon/Main.c (line 193)
Stuct peer_manager {
Struction Network *Net;
Stuct peer_list *peer;
};
`
Theaddper () function is a new peer and adds it to the list.
Peerdata
`Peerdata is used to preserve metadata on each peer:
`c
// Src/Daemon/Main.c (Riga 201)
Stuct peer_data {
Uint256 balance;
Uint256 Transaction_Count;
};
`
How Bitcoin finds peers?
Bitcoin uses a combination of algorithms and data structures to find colleagues on the network. Here is a simplified overview of the process:
Node Discovery : When performing the Bitcoin client, send a package of discovery to all the nodes on the network usingGetdiscoverypacket ().
Update of the Peer list: the node that receives the discovery package updates the peer list and adds any new peers from the package to the list.
Query Peerlist : The client periodically questions the peer list for available peers:
c
// Src/Daemon/Main.c (Riga 221)
Stuct peer_list *peer_list_getpeerlist ();
void peer_list_querry (strutt peer_list *peer) {
// …
}
`
Node selection : based on the available peers, the client selects a node to connect with the use ofselectnode ().
5
Update of the Peer list: After establishing a connection, the peer list is updated to reflect any changes in the network:
c
// Src/Daemon/Main.c (line 236)
void peer_list_update () {
// …
}
`
Conclusion
In summary, the mechanism of discovery between Bitcoin is based on "Networkmanager",peerlist, peerdata` and other components to manage the connections between the nodes.
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